The TN China Network, a trade promotion group, said that through June 2017, there were 47 companies in Tennessee that received Chinese investment.

According to the New York-based Rhodium Group, which tracks Chinese investment in the United States, the top three industries for that investment are health and biotech, followed by automotive and aviation.

All of these investments have a local impact.

"We were happy that the Chinese were coming. Any investment is a big deal for us because it helps our local economy," said Bernie Ash, mayor of Lebanon, Tennessee, upon learning that the Wonderful Group would invest $150 million and open a porcelain plant in his hometown.

In La Vergne, 27 miles southwest of Lebanon, more than 500 jobs were lost when the Whirlpool Corp closed a plant there in 2008.

Sinomax USA recently opened a plant in that facility that will eventually employ more than 300.

City Administrator Bruce Richardson said the area welcomed the Chinese investment.

"We are happy to see the facility back in use, and we hope that a lot of La Vergne residents will be able to get jobs there to support their families," Richardson wrote in an email.

Porcelain finds a home

Porcelain was developed in China more than 2,000 years ago before being exported to Europe and the rest of the world.

The American Wonder Porcelain facility signifies the first investment in the US from a Chinese ceramic tile manufacturer. The Wonderful Group is a division of Marco Polo, which is the largest producer of ceramic tile in China.

The Wonderful Group's plant is adding to Tennessee's roster of ceramic tile plants that now numbers six, and that was a major reason why the Wonderful plant is in Lebanon.

"Other ceramic factories are in Tennessee; there is a good supply of raw materials, and the Tennessee government welcomed us here," Huang said.

Michael Kephart, a veteran of the ceramic tile industry, was hired by Huang to be president and CEO of American Wonder Porcelain.

"Our goal is to produce a high-quality, finished porcelain tile that will be used in floors, walls and counters in residential and commercial applications," he said.

Porcelain is made from raw clay and other materials. "We mix it together with water to produce slurry that is dried, milled and processed before it is heated up," Kephart said.

He said he isn't surprised that he is working for a Chinese company. "I have worked in Europe and Asia before," he said.

In addition to Wonderful Group team members from China who are helping to set up the Lebanon plant, there are workers from Italy and other countries at the facility to help install machinery from those countries, plus residents from the Lebanon community who need to be trained.

Kephart believes that such diversity may be a harbinger of what a typical American workplace will look like in the future. He also praised Huang for enabling him to set up "a Western type of company".

"Despite some language differences, our team is cohesive, productive and dedicated," he said.

The plant has 50 to 60 employees, and when it begins full production, Kephart anticipates a work force of 175 to 225.

Riley Tang, who worked for The Wonderful Group in China, has been living in the Lebanon area for two years. "The people are nice and kind to everyone. I like living here and noticed that country music is very popular," he said through an interpreter.

Even with language hurdles, Tang described a smooth operating team. "We get along well, and (they) help me in work and life," he said. Tang added that he wouldn't object to staying in Tennessee and making a career there.

Brian Messamore has lived in Tennessee for 10 years and is a veteran of the ceramic industry. He said that diversity is a way of life in the industry: "Right now manufacturing porcelain tile in America is a multicultural thing. There is always a lot of cultural diversity.

"I think there is a lot we can learn from the Chinese, and there is a lot they can learn from us, "he said. "There is a bond developing on this team."

Retail pipeline attractive

Sinomax USA, a maker of memory foam bedding and related products, has been a supplier to Walmart since 2006. The company has since added Costco and Kohl's as customers.

"We were considering making an investment in the US several years ago," said Chen, a Beijing native. Initially he considered a partner for a joint venture. But "that didn't work because it's hard to find the right partner", he said.

Chen then considered acquiring an existing US company, but that didn't pan out either. Meanwhile, Chen said it was getting harder to take care of his US customers from a manufacturing base in China.

In 2013, Walmart unveiled a $250 billion initiative to re-shore, or bring back, US manufacturing jobs that had been outsourced to China and other nations. Rightly or wrongly, the company had been blamed for sending thousands of US jobs overseas since the 1990s.

That program turned out to be the tipping point for Chen and his company's ambitions in the US. "Walmart's program certainly helped us decide to make a US commitment," he said.

Chen then had to decide on a location for his first US plant and whether to construct a new building or remodel an existing one.

"Location was very important to us," Chen recalled. "Somewhere in the Southeast would put us close to most of our major customers."

Initially, Chen identified eight states and then narrowed his choice to two - Arkansas and Tennessee. Arkansas offered a very attractive package, he said.

But a closed Whirlpool plant near La Vergne just outside of Nashville met all the requirements Chen was seeking for his $28 million investment. There was rail access to the building. "That was important to us. But it was also close to major highways, and Tennessee is an ideal location," he said.

While the state provided incentives, there was another important factor in selecting La Vergne.

"The reason we came here wasn't just the incentives. We came here because there are technical schools and community colleges and universities nearby. This allows us to recruit a deep talent pool in the area," Chen said.

Bruce Miller, executive vice-president of operations at Sinomax, assembled a team for the Tennessee facility. When he told everyone the company owners were from China, he said the response was interesting.

"Initially, the reaction was most jobs are going from the US to China. Now a Chinese company is bringing jobs to the US. It was a change and it was, 'Wow this is a great new trend.' American workers can compete with those from outside of the country," he said.

When Tao Zhu was a year old, he and his parents left Fuzhou in Fujian province and moved to Minneapolis. Zhu was educated in Minneapolis and received his bachelor's degree from the University of Minnesota. He is now an engineer at Sinomax.

"I never really expected it," he said of learning that Sinomax was a Chinese-owned company. I didn't see that many Chinese companies in the US. I was more aware of outsourcing to China, especially in manufacturing," he said.

"I feel lucky to be a part of this company," Zhu explained. "Having them build this plant here shows they are taking the initiative to bring jobs here."

DeWayne Cid, a product data manager for Sinomax who has lived in the area for 12 years, likes the company's approach.

"It may be a Chinese-owned company, but it is providing Americans with jobs," he said. "The company has partnerships and is supplied by other American companies. It does matter that we are manufacturing in the US and are not just distributing. That has really impressed me."

Economic shift

FDI has helped create a vibrant job market in a state that until recently had been best known more for agricultural products and a country music shrine, the Grand Ole Opry.

Beginning in the 1980s, Tennessee's economy began to shift from manufacturing non-durable products like leather goods and chemicals, to making durable products, according to Bill Fox, director of the University of Tennessee's Boyd Center for Business and Economic Research. "We added a lot of employment in durable manufacturing, specifically in automobile manufacturing."

Tennessee, called the Volunteer State, "has outpaced the nation by modest amounts since the 1980s. The transition in the state's economy has been as important as the growth," Fox said.

Now Tennessee is referred to by many as the "Detroit of the South". The automobile industry helped kick off the FDI wave in the state.

Investment wave

Fox said Japan's Nissan Motor Co Ltd put Tennessee on the auto industry map when it opened an assembly plant in Smyrna, outside the state capital of Nashville, in 1983.

"From there it expanded to Spring Hill when General Motors opened a Saturn plant in the 1990s, and recently we had Volkswagen open a plant in Chattanooga," he said.

Fox said that, in turn, the automotive plants helped to unleash a wave of investment from auto parts manufacturers and suppliers - many of them foreign-owned - "all over the state".

Yanfeng USA, the largest Chinese manufacturer of automotive interior components and a unit of Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp, China's largest state-owned automaker, built a plant near Chattanooga.

In 2014, South Korea's Hankook Tire Co Ltd broke ground for an $800 million car and light-truck tire plant in Clarksville that may employ up to 1,200. Hankook also intends to put its North American headquarters in Nashville. Japan's Bridgestone Tire also is in Nashville.

In April, Germany's Wacker Chemie AG officially opened its new polysilicon production site in Charleston. The $2.5 billion investment is expected to create about 650 jobs.

"There is no doubt that it (FDI) has been critical for us. We have led the nation (in FDI) the last couple of years," said Governor Bill Haslam.

Huang, chairman and president of The Wonderful Group, is aware that his company's US investment will be closely watched in China.

"The Wonderful Group investment in the US has been mentioned in the media. Many will watch and see if we are successful. If we are a success, it will be a good example for other Chinese companies," he said.

Contact the writer at paulwelitzkin@chinadailyusa.com

The selling of Tennessee in China

As director of business development for the Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development, it's Li Weaver's job to represent and market the state in China.

Weaver is a native of Taiyuan in Shanxi province, which is a sister city to Nashville, Tennessee's capital. She is fluent in English and Mandarin.

Weaver said many members of the Chinese business community are at least somewhat familiar with Tennessee, and when discussing the state with them, she emphasizes its location, vibrant manufacturing economy and pro-business attitude.

"Tennessee is perfectly located to service the eastern half of the US, particularly the Southeast," she said. "Our existing advanced manufacturing base helps to attract other companies. For example, we have a lot of automotive companies in China looking at the state because we already have a thriving auto industry. Our business-friendly environment and tax policies are also big draws."

Weaver believes that her office is critical in attracting Chinese FDI: "The relationships that we build are very important. We can help to bridge language and cultural gaps."

(China Daily USA 07/28/2017 page20)